Managerial Decision Making In Banking Institutions Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1348 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Decision making is a very important process in any kind of setup. It is through decision making that the organization forges forth with its plans. However the more broad the decision to be made the need to have as much information to do this so that the decision being made is an informed decision. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Managerial Decision Making In Banking Institutions Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Decision makers therefore have to contend with a number of issues such as personal motivation and emotions while making these decisions. In so doing different there could occur different outcomes from the same situation in which case two different people were the decision makers at varying times. Sub optimal thinkers will normally compromise unnecessarily and always settle for the second best. While this is the case we can be able to understand if they are charged with decision making then they may settle for what is not necessarily the best option. The banking industry is slowly picking up from the after shocks of the global economic crunch. The decision makers at the helm at some of these banks are under pressure to make decisions that could help revive the industry once again. Arriving at an option like diversifying services, and which services to choose from is one of the major decisions to be made. Asset management or stock broking for example would be other diverse services apa rt from the traditional banking services. Some banks have settled for sub optimal decisions as regards these two products. A bank with a strong and vibrant housing mortgage policy settling for stock broking to diversify is sub optimal, in this case asset management would have been a better option because the bank has a strong housing mortgage policy hence many of its customers can as well benefit from the asset management services it engages in. when critically evaluating a decision like this one we can understand that possibly personal interest on the part of the decision makers resulted in the choice of this option over the other which would have been the better option. We also notice a likely compromise of the companyacirc;s strategy, resources, opportunities and growth which is typical of a sub optimal thinking organization. Unit IV Q2 Corporate entities have discovered ways of generating a share of their capital by offering a stake of their company to be bought and financed by the general public. In so doing companyacirc;s have to strive to build a desired public reputation and financially sound track record to ensure that their stakes remain high. Stock markets are where these stakes are bought and sold. The volatile economic situation that has resulted from the recent global financial instability has jolted the stock markets. This is so because the companies boasting high profits and returns have began to experience the ripple effect of this financial melt down. Further still some of these companies may be relying on other companies which were also affected and therefore the overall effect boomerangs back to them. The financial situations are now being closely monitored by many companies than never before especially for those enlisted on the stock markets. The aim of this is to have favorable trading on the stock market and avoid or minimize any financial losses that may result. Hyperbolic discounting tries to explain a wide range of anomalies related to human activities. The variation in patience over the life cycle is a clear reason why sometimes more often than not we end up making erratic decisions in life. This may be as a result of other underlying factors which will come up when an assessment has been clearly carried out. For example the economic instability being witnessed in the global financial market has led to hyperbolic discounting even in the area of stock trading. With speculations arising here and there we see stock traders making decisions which seem to be driven by impatience. While the stock market may be slowly recovering there are still evident signs of an erratic global economic trend which makes the stock traders somewhat impatient. The fact that profits are not quickly forth coming and market stability is taking longer to be realized, most decisions on the stock market are exhibiting hyperbolic discounting. Unit IV Q3 Following the global financial instability the federal government devised a way in which they would inject $700 billions from the reserve to financial institutions that were affected or were quickly having their credibility eroded. The initial plan dubbed Troubled Asset Relief Program indicated that this money would buy what the economists called toxic assets thereby relieving the banksacirc; balance sheet. However in the real bailout plan Treasury Secretary of the Federal Reserves, Mr. Paulson handed out $350 billion in capital injections to banks, rather than his original plan to buy so-called toxic assets, primarily mortgage-backed securities, that were weighing down bank balance sheets. The Federal Reserve also cut interest rates essentially to zero, bought hundreds of billions of dollars of mortgage-backed securities and took a wide range of extraordinary measures to provide liquidity. (Credit Crisis Bailout Plan, 2009) This already was not serving well the banking interests first because they had a reputation they wanted to maintain and secondly by the federal government regulating their interest rate it actually was going to financially affect the banks standing. These led to the big banks opting out of this plan by paying back the loan infusions plus an executive fee to the federal government. The banks in doing this desired to exit from the regulations that had been set out by the Federal Reserve which were not promoting a conducive business environment for them. While these banks appreciated the decision to receive infusion to help them clear the toxic assets from their balance sheets, they were cautious about the regulatory role that the federal government was intending to play in the process for example the regulation of the interest rates to zero percent. While opting out of this plan the banks were clearly reasoning in a self serving manner to protect their interests because they realized t hat with the federal regulations they would not bring in profit the very reason why they are in business. Unit IV Q4 While purchasing a commodity or service a proper decision must be arrived at to avoid impulse buying. Impulse buying defines a situation where there is an unplanned purchase. This will usually take place when one has an unusual motivation which eventually turns into a desire to purchase a commodity instantly. This purchase may be having no specific objective at that time. Studies indicate that these purchases normally involve cheap products. When we go to the market place to purchase some goods or services we already have a preconception of whatever we want or expect. However our preconception is related to the purchasing power and pricing of the product or service. Motivation and emotion do play a part in the decision we arrive at during any purchase. However most often the motivation and emotion must operate within some bounds, the strongest of which is the purchasing power, simply put how much you are willing to pay for the good or service on offer. There were two homes on offer within the neighborhood. One had a car garage to go with which meant an extra amount of money to buy though the buyer did not need the garage at the time. However this home had almost all the things the buyer wished in a home whereas the other did not but had room for the buyer to buy the things they needed to furnish it. The buyer needed to arrive at a decision quickly enough because the offer would soon close. They ended up buying the home with the car garage though they had no need for the garage at that particular time. They purchased this home because they thought it was necessary to do this because one day they would have an automobile which would find a place at the garage though their initial intention was to buy a home within the budget and curr ent setting.

Personal Development Plan Essay - 840 Words

Personal development is the process of maintaining one’s well being in terms of physical, social and psychological aspects. It is the constant process of developing and enhancing personality through learning and socialization processes. Undoubtedly, for personal development, certain skills and knowledge are required to be achieved. Armstrong (2006) rightly says that the personal development plan incorporates a wider set of learning and development activities such as self-managed learning, coaching and mentoring. In fact, it can be assumed that the skills and knowledge are not inborn or ascribed but are achieved in a course of time. TASK 1 EFFECTIVE SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES NEEDED FOR TIME MANAGEMENT The time management is one of the†¦show more content†¦With an aim to achieve targeted goals a detail time schedule should be developed and implemented with high preferences. Being time conscious one can use even a second of time in the important tasks, which yields satisfying outcomes in his or her life. TASK 1.2 EVALUATION OF TECHNIQUES REQUIRED FOR TIME MANAGEMENT To prepare and implement the time management effectively and efficiently one should develop skills, tools and techniques useful and helpful in following his or her duties and responsibilities so that he or she can gain the expected objectives, both individual and organizational in a cost-effectiveness manner. The techniques as mentioned earlier can in this regard be a great hand in reaching the destination. Undoubtedly, preparing the to- do -lists, setting of logical goals and objectives, time schedule and activities as per the schedule, punctuality, time-consciousness and consideration of time value highly are prominent skills and techniques. Preparation of to do list and time schedule greatly contributes to the completion of the given tasks on time. TASK 2 PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL SKILLS REQUIRED FOR MANAGEMENT Personal and professional skills are the survival mechanism for both the individuals and the organization. It is noteworthy that personal skills help one physically, socially and psychologically manage him or her with prudent acts and novice ideas. As such professional skills help one highly contribute to the organization. InShow MoreRelatedDescription Of Personal Development Plan1032 Words   |  5 Pages Personal Development Plan Description of activity to be undertaken Activity type Benefits Timeline Resources required When completed 1.Planing of good customer services. Internal training. It will increase the ratio of customers .It will increase the finances of company. 2 months. Meetings Seminars Tea parties etc On time 2.Traning of staff on budget reports. Internal training. Provides support to upper management and increase the determination of responsibilities. 3 Months. Financial manager toRead MorePersonal Development Review and Plan1519 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Development Stage 1 Review and Development Plan Table of Contents Page Introduction My Personal Development Review My Personal Development Plan 3 4-5 6-7 2 Introduction At the Introduction to PD workshop I identified two broad reasons why I decided to pursue my MBA. The first was to develop my competence as a manager. The second and more important reason was to advance my career by making myself more marketable. The job market today is undoubtedly very competitive and I realisedRead MorePersonal Development Plan1453 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Personal Development Plan (PDP) is a specific plan for your future in short-term of six months or twelve months. It is necessary that you have objectives set up for yourself, and plans and actions to be taken in order to achieve those objectives. Following PDP is a good way to improve yourself, and to acquire skills and knowledge. Therefore, it is advisable to continue doing PDP one after another. Also, PDP includes your CV, so you can update it with new experiences or skills acquiredRead MorePersonal Development Plan2197 Words   |  9 PagesRunning Head: PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Personal Development Plan [The Writer’s Name] [The Name Of The Institution] Personal Development Plan Introduction This project development plan is a write up of the theoretical underpinning and the technical experiments or of the reengineering undertaken in order to answer the question(s) posed by the research topic. The project proposal should be supported by a list of current references and an annotatedRead MorePersonal Development Plan1893 Words   |  8 PagesPERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1. Introduction The aim of this assessment is to build a Personal Development Plan and evaluate my current skills and knowledge. The primary objective of PDP is to improve my knowledge and plan my educational development according to my background and personal experience so far. 2. What is PDP According to the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education in UK (QAA 2004) defined PDP as: ‘a structured and supported process undertaken by an individual to reflect upon theirRead MorePersonal Development Plan5227 Words   |  21 Pages1.0 Introduction This report is to make a self-assessment of my current situation and develop a range of professional and personal skills in order to promote my own future personal and career development. 2.0 Responsibility for own personal and career development 2.1 Own performance of current management skills 1. Time management Time management is the act or process of exercising conscious control over the amount of time spent on specific activities, especially to increase efficiency or productivityRead MorePersonal Development Plan2953 Words   |  12 PagesPersonal Development Plan ABSTRACT This paper presents personal development plan which I have formulated to identify my career objectives and improve my interpersonal and professional skills. Personal development planning includes a set of questions which try to identify career interests, potentials, and competencies, collect relevant information for future decision making, and personal development matrix to identify short and long term goals and their respective actions to be followed. EXECUTIVERead MorePersonal Development Plan2468 Words   |  10 Pages1. Introduction This paper seeks to prepare a personal development plan in my objective to become a leader in an organization. I will analyze the requirements of the targeted job in relation to my inventory of skills including my strengths and weaknesses in relation to the requirement of a goal in mind for which I am willing to know my deficiencies in terms of skills. I will therefore have to make an action plan on how to correct my deficiencies and to improve on my weaknesses to take advantageRead MorePersonal Development Plan3142 Words   |  13 Pagesyour skills as a leader. What is Personal Development Planning PDP is defined as: A structured and supported process undertaken by an individual to reflect upon their own learning, performance and/or achievement and to plan for their personal, educational and career development.( Section 28 Guidelines for HE Progress Files) ‘Development is always self-development. Nothing could be more absurd than for an enterprise to assume responsibility for the development of a person’ (Peter Drucker) WhatRead MorePersonal Development Plan7544 Words   |  31 PagesIn this assignment, I will reflect upon my clinical experience and my education to date. In doing this I will highlight potential areas of development needed and will address these through Personal Development Planning. The rationale for doing this assignment is to enhance my professional development by undertaking an annotated reflective report. In this assignment I will focus and discuss my chosen theme which is Multi-disciplinary team working (MDT). This will mention roles within the MDT

Integrated Marketing - 3215 Words

Running head: INTEGRATEDMARKETINGSTRATEGY Integrated Marketing Strategy Joey Willoughby OMM615 Integrated Marketing Communications/Advertising/Public Relations and More Instructor: Dr. Janis McFaul September 29, 2014 Integrated Market Strategy Introduction: This research document will encompass an integrated market strategy for the Toyota Tundra. It will embody such descriptives as an overview/executive†¦show more content†¦Toyota encountered voluminous retractions of its vehicles in 2009 due to faulty accelerator problems. This phenomenon resulted in Toyota being scrutinized both inside and outside the organization, and as a direct result has emanated more Herculean in nature from the exigency which was encountered. Toyota has since become more centralized on the consumers and safety issues due to the organization having gone through this particular crisis. The organization’s strong reemergence is also largely due to the prompt and efficient actions of Toyota Motor Company in correcting this problem with the retracted vehicles. This researcher strongly suggests that Toyota continues in its efforts to ensure the utmost in safety, and should an unfortunate perplexity such as the faulty accelerator recur that the respo nd promptly to the problem and take corrective actions to ensure that all faulty vehicles are repaired. A reactive public relations response is also warranted for damage control. Describe the product/service and desired brand image: As an owner of a 2013 Toyota Tundra, this researcher can describe Toyota’s Tundra truck as a (4 door) truck with a 6-speed automatic transmission. It can comfortably seat six and is a V-8 E Flex –fuel vehicle. This vehicle is also four wheel drive. The fuel economy in the city is classed at 13 mpg and on the highway is classed at 18 mpg. Consumer rating on the 2013 Toyota Tundra is 5 star. The intrinsic warranty is quoted as 3Show MoreRelatedIntegrated Marketing Communication1469 Words   |  6 PagesIntegrated Marketing Communication Introduction ‘Integrated marketing communicating is a concept that companies coordinated their marketing communication tools to deliver a clear, consistent, credible and competitive message about the organization and products. The objective is to position product and organizations clearly and distinctively’. (Jobber, 2007) ‘Integrated Marketing Communications†¨(IMC) is a new trend in business planning†¨Ã¢â‚¬â€œ combining different communication instruments suchRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communications1456 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Integrated Marketing Communications An Integrated Marketing Communications program is based on the foundation provided by the communication model. IMC programs have been described in several ways; the consensus is to define them as follows: Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) is the coordination and integration of all marketing communication tools, avenues, and sources within a company into a seamless program that maximizes the impact on consumers and other end users at a minimalRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communication1462 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment : Brand building through an Integrated Marketing Communications program. Topic : A FMCG Brand ( Asian Paints ) [pic] Company Introduction : Asian Paints is India’s largest paint company and Asia’s third largest paint company, with a turnover of Rs 77.06 billion. The group has an enviable reputation in the corporate world for professionalism, fast track growth, and building shareholder equity. Asian Paints operates in 17 countries and has 24 paintRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communication4170 Words   |  17 PagesASSIGNMENT | GLOBAL INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION Assessment for 2009/10 Term 3 Title: Critical Evaluation of Current Marketing Communications Practice Theoretically Underpinned Marketing Communications Plan Selected Retail Organization: Nordstrom Date of Submission: Submitted To: Submitted By: INTRODUCTION Company’s overview Nordstrom is a sophisticated departmental store that offers a pleasant shopping experience to all who step on its floor. Nordstrom’s target marketsRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communications4706 Words   |  19 PagesChapter 1 Integrated Marketing Communications Communication is defined as transmitting, receiving, and processing information. The parts of a communications model are displayed in Figure 1.2. Components that should be discussed include: †¢ Sender—the person(s) attempting to deliver a message or idea. †¢ Encoding processes—the verbal (words, sounds) and nonverbal (gestures, facial expression, posture) cues that the sender utilizes in dispatching the message. †¢ Transmission device—all of the itemsRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communications (1554 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Discussion of the concept Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) is highly debatable with many varied views. This paper aims to discuss then main definitions, issues, dimensions benefits and barriers surrounding the concept/process. Definition of IMC The definition of integrated marketing communications continues to evolve and there is no shared agreement or meaning. Duncan and Everett (1993) claimed that it is hard to reach a definition of IMC because it is a process and conceptRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Program1164 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿INTEGRATED MARKETING PROGRAM ASSIGNMENT Background CoverGirl is a leader in the cosmetic market and with consumers. It is the number one consumed cosmetics brand in Canada. According to AC Nielsen, CoverGirl ranks number one cross the key consumer measures; it is the brand in the most number of households, the brand with the highest loyalty and highest purchase frequency. The LashBlast boutique is the number one boutique in the mascara category and accounts for 20% of CoverGirl’s businessRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communication1157 Words   |  5 Pagesyears have contributed to the clutter the world is experiencing today. This has lead marketers to integrate their marketing communication tools in order to break through the barrier of noise and reach the target market, â€Å"marketing overload is forcing corporations to shout even louder† (keller 2001). In 1993 Shultz, Tannenbaum and Lauterborn introduced a new concept called Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC). This concept has generated a great interest among academics and practioners, although researchRead MoreIntegrated Marketing Communications757 Words   |  3 PagesïÆ'Ëœ Integrated marketing communication mix helps to coordinate various marketing and promotional tools in order to create efficient marketing strategy. FMCG: ïÆ'Ëœ FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods) are the products which are used daily. FMCG products are prone to quick sales and these products are very vulnerable and need quick sales and advertisement. ïÆ'Ëœ As marketing manager of FMCG Company, I would coordinate more with the IMC tools. ïÆ'Ëœ The tools which I will be using are advertising, direct marketing,Read MoreIntegrated Marketing Communication8054 Words   |  33 Pagesco-ordination and cohesion Lynne Eagle, Philip J. Kitchen. European Journal of Marketing. Bradford: 2000. Vol. 34, Iss. 5/6; pg. 667 Abstract (Summary) The concept of integrated marketing communication (IMC) has received considerable coverage in the literature, but even its most ardent supporters have noted problems in translating the concept into reality. Reports on an extensive two-phase study of the New Zealand advertising and marketing industry, undertaken as part of an international series of studies

William Shakespeare s The Great Gatsby Essay

â€Å"Oh,† cried Lizzie, â€Å"Laura, Laura, / You should not peep at goblin men.† / Lizzie cover’d up her eyes, / Cover’d close lest they should look; / Laura rear’d her glossy head, / And whisper’d like the restless brook: / â€Å"Look, Lizzie, look, Lizzie, / Down the glen tramp little men. / One hauls a basket, / One bears a plate, / One lugs a golden dish / Of many pounds weight. / How fair the vine must grow / Whose grapes are so luscious; / How warm the wind must blow / Through those fruit bushes.† / â€Å"No,† said Lizzie, â€Å"No, no, no; / Their offers should not charm us, / Their evil gifts would harm us.† / She thrust a dimpled finger / In each ear, shut eyes and ran: / Curious Laura chose to linger/ Wondering at each merchant man. / One had a cat’s face, / One whisk’d a tail, / One tramp’d at a rat’s pace, / One crawl’d like a snail, / One like a wombat prowl’d obtus e and furry, / One like a ratel tumbled hurry skurry. / She heard a voice like voice of doves / Cooing all together: / They sounded kind and full of loves / In the pleasant weather. Pg. 1652, Lns. 48-80, Christina Rossetti The poem â€Å"Goblin Market† was composed in April 1859 and later published in 1862. After publication, many argued between whether or not the poem was meant to be a children’s poem, but author Christina Rossetti later clearly stated her poem was not, in fact, meant for children as it contains explicit imagery. In her poem, Rossetti bases her foundation around two sisters, Laura and Lizzie, and theShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of William Shakespeare s The Great Gatsby 1465 Words   |  6 PagesRex had no idea how to break it to them. He didn’t have to tell them what he was going to choose, but he was supposed to. Everyone was supposed to at least give a clue as to what they were going to do. He decided not to, because he didn’t want them to try to stop him He knew being a protecter was dangerous work, with a high fatality rate, higher than any other career. He’d known that even before last April when Edmund, an older teenager he’d actually known and talked to a few times, came backRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Clarisse By William Shakespeare s The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1074 Words   |  5 PagesMildred more focused on the play she was in than her attempted suicide? I believe she may have tried to quickly change the subject and put more attention on something else. Mildred’s suicide was significant because it showed that she truly was in great pain, even though she was unaware of her own suicide attempt. Mildred does take more pills later on the book; â€Å"He heard Mildred shake the sleeping tablets onto her hand.† (page 101), but she does not die. This is significant because it shows and provesRead MoreSimilarities Between The Great Gatsby And Julius Caesar1415 Words   |  6 Pagesa time is often told best in a novel, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is one of the key novels that successfully tells both the lavish lifestyles and the faults of society in the 1920’s. The Great Gatsby is filled with an abundance of similarities to American life, outlining the American dream, and even parts of contemporary society today. However, The Great Gatsby shares underlying similarities with the novel, Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare. A novel that also told a story of a timeRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And Death Of A Salesman1241 Words   |  5 Pagesthe theme of ambition has been so prevalent in literature. It is the dominant theme in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald, William Shakespeare s Macbeth, Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and The Wolf of Wall Street by Jordan Belfort. In this essay, I will discuss the two ways over ambition can cause an individual s downfall. The first is setting unattainable goals which we can see in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman. The second is trying to achieve yo ur goals unethically, seen inRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Gatsby written by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Macbeth written by William Shakespeare. The powerful motivation generated from a vigorous thirst enables one to become a proactive individual, or alternatively drags a person into a sedentary state. The varied consequences of overly desirous people are caused by life s ambiguity. The character of Macbeth, from Shakespeare s classic tragedy, is driven by his impulsive determination to act on his most lustful desires. Likewise in The Great GatsbyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By William Shakespeare1055 Words   |  5 PagesIn the late 1500’s, William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet became famous for its writing style and storyline. A true romance story consisting of defying the family s wishes of an arranged marriage to be accompanied by the true love of their life. In Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet love was a dynamic force that eventually brought about the death of both Romeo and Juliet. Nearly 300 years later F. Scott Fitzgerald explores the similar dominance of love in his novel The Great Gatsby. Comparable to R omeoRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night947 Words   |  4 PagesLove affection Recently, I’ve been reading an intriguing play, Twelfth Night, which was written by William Shakespeare. What interests me in this play most is the fact that there are a lot of love interests. Duke Orsino is greatly attracted to a gentlewoman called Olivia. However, despite his attempts to court her, she rejects his approaches as she claims to be in a period of mourning for her dead brother which has been going on for seven years. Olivia forms a tight friendship with Viola, a womanRead MoreThe Tragic Heroes Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2344 Words   |  10 Pageswhich leads them to make fatal mistakes. Both Macbeth and Gatsby are portrayed as tragic heroes in their respected text. Both characters are similar due to their tragic flaws such as, downfalls being caused by their over ambition, they both become isolated and finally both characters suffer and meet their deaths in the bitter end. Firstly, Gatsby s ambitious tendencies fuel him to pursue his past and now married lover, Daisy Buchannan. Gatsby is very persistent and hustles to make money whether legalRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Novel Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pagesbe considered as a classic. Classics are thought to be literature written in the past and not recently like that year or a couple of years before, literatures like The Adventures of Huckleberry Fin (1884), To Kill A Mockingbird (1960), and The Great Gatsby (1925) that were all written in older time periods and represent what literatures looked like back then that we read today. According to Italo Calvino, Classic Literature are books that can be read over and over again, you never hear a person sayingRead MoreThe Evolution of the Role of Women in British and American Literature1808 Words   |  8 Pagesindependent, self-reliant, and have learned to emphasize their self-worth. To begin with American Literature shows an emphasis on how women were portrayed differently from men. Women begin to show a desire to be equal as the time went by. The Great Gatsby is an example of American literature dealing with the evolving movement of women. It was written in 1925 and it is describing the circumstances of the roaring twenties. In the novel, Daisy is one of the main characters, whose life revolves around

Short Selling Free Essays

Short selling Short selling is a practice of selling a borrowed security that the seller does not necessarily own. Short sellers are generally betting that the price of security will go down, and  assume that they will be able to lock-in a certain profit by buying the security at a lower price than the price at which they originally sold short. Example of short selling Short seller borrows the security for a given fee and sells it short on the market for Rs 40000. We will write a custom essay sample on Short Selling or any similar topic only for you Order Now If tomorrow the price of security drops to Rs 38000, short seller could buy it back in order to return the security and lock a profit of 2000 (the price difference between 40000 and 38000), less the borrowing fee. Islamic Point of View Short selling is prohibited (Haram) from the Shariah perspective. Shariah scholars found several reasons behind which, short selling is considered haram, and the reasons are as follows:- 1- selling something you doesn’t own:-In Islamic transactions; to sell something you must first have the ownership of what is being sold or the subject of the sale. Therefore in order to sell a security, the security must be owned by the seller and not borrowed – which is the case in short selling. 2- Riba:-Short selling is associated with the conventional borrowing and lending system of securities which includes a series of interest-based charges for services, and interested payments on borrowed securities. And as we all know, charging interest on services and borrowed securities is considered as Riba. 3- Speculation: – Since short sellers are watching out for fluctuations in the markets, to sell the share at a higher price and buy it back at a lower price and pocket the difference. Speculation has been perceived negatively due to its resemblance with gambling. 4- Gharar/ Ghobun :- there is uncertainty in the contract and the buyer is also deceived. 5- unjust deeds Hamish Jiddiya Token money, down payment  by a party  intending to purchase certain goods who wishes to confirm the intention to do so by paying an amount to the seller as token money or down payment to secure the goods. Hamish Jiddiya is a collateral given for a promise to purchase. If the buyer is not proceeding to purchase, the seller can demand compensation for the actual damage, if the collateral is higher, the buyer receives an amount back, if the actual damage is higher, the the seller can demand additional compensation above the collateral. Arba’un The term Arba’un means an amount of money that the customer as purchase orderer pays to the Bank after concluding the Murabahah sale, with the provision that if the sale is completed during a prescribed period, the amount will be counted as part of the price. If the customer fails to execute the Murabahah sale, then the Bank may retain the whole amount. Waqf A Wakf is an unconditional and permanent dedication of property with implied detention in the ownership of God in such a manner, that the property of the owner may be extinguished and its profits may revert to or be applied for the benefit of mankind except for purposes prohibited by Islam. Examples of Waqf Land Buildings: one or more persons provide Cash as waqf to purchase land and buildings, e. g. a small shopping complex. Once the complex is purchased, the property may be classified as a waqf property and waqf rules apply. The property may not be sold (except to replace), be gifted, or inherited. The property remains intact and may not be spent. The rental income that is produced by the complex may be used for any shari’ah compliant purpose. Valid contract The remedy of specific performance presupposes the existence of a valid contract between the parties to the controversy. The terms of the contract must be definite and certain. This is significant because equity cannot be expected to enforce either an invalid contract or one that is so vague in its terms that equity cannot determine exactly what it must order each party to perform. It would be unjust for a court to compel the performance of a contract according to ambiguous terms interpreted by the court, since the court might erroneously order what the parties never intended or contemplated. Example A homeowner (who is over the age of 18 and of sound mind) signed a contract with the appliance store to buy a refrigerator. The homeowner pays for the refrigerator and the appliance store presents the refrigerator for the homeowner to take home. Void contract A void contract is not a contract and has no effect in a court of law and cannot be enforced in a court of law. Most commonly, a void contract will be missing one or all of the essential elements needed for a valid contract. Neither party needs to take action to terminate it, since it was never a contract to begin with. Example A contract that was between an illegal drug dealer and an illegal drug supplier to purchase a specified amount of drugs for a specified amount. Either one of the parties could void the contract since there is no lawful objective and hence missing one of the elements of a valid contract. Voidable Contracts A voidable contract is a contract, which may appear to be valid, and has all of the necessary elements to be enforceable, but has some type of flaw, which could cause one or both of the parties to void the contract. The contract is legally binding, but could become void. If there is an injured party involved, the injured party or the defrauded must take action, otherwise the contract is considered valid. Example A contract entered into with a minor could be voidable. Bai Tawliyah Bai Tawliyah Is a sale and buy-back agreement, is a type of Islamic finance that is a banking activity that is congruent with Shariah, which are the principles of Islamic law. Bai Tawliyah is a part of Islamic finance, such as a Muslim mortgage, where there is transaction of buying and selling between the customer and the financial institution. The financial institution, or the financier, will purchase an asset from a customer and the price that they pay for the asset will be disbursed by the terms that the financial institution lays out. Because of this the asset that is purchased is one that the payments are deferred and the price paid will be done so in installments. The second sale in this type of Islamic finance is done so in order to make the customer obliged to the financial institution. Commutative contracts Commutative contracts are those in which what is done, given, or promised by one party is considered same as the other or in consideration of what is done, given or promised by the other. A contract of sale is an example of a commutative contract. Put in a simple form, commutative contracts are contracts where the contracting parties give and receive something similar or an equivalent. An Example is a sale at less than two thirds of the value. Non-Commutative contract A non-compensatory contract in which a property is donated by one party to another against no consideration. The donor transfers ownership of the property to the done free of any commitment or obligation. Refrences http://www. ukessays. com/essays/economics/short-selling. php http://jazaa. rg/knowledge-center/islamic-finance-terminology/h/hamish-jiddiyah/ http://www. almustafatrust. org/content/Donate/Islamic/types/waqf. htm http://legal-dictionary. thefreedictionary. com/Valid+Contract http://www. trainagents. com/DesktopModules/EngageCampus/CourseContent. aspx? ModuleType=StudentMyCourses;CrsPageType=Topic;CourseRecordID=107;LessonRecordID=1372;TopicRecordID=24861;Demo=True http://definitions. uslegal. com/c/commutative-contracts/ http://majdbakir. com/islamic- finance/n/noncommutative-contract. html How to cite Short Selling, Papers

Piper Alpha free essay sample

Abstract This research explains about The Disaster of Piper Alpha which occurred in the North Sea on 6 July 1988 which killed 167 people and cost billions dollars in property damage. This research report also examines about the objectives and the structures of the management of the Piper Alpha Oil Platform. This research is analyzed from both technical and organizational view. Besides that, this research report also discuss about the industrial processes and the operations of the platform. Moreover, the risk factors in all area which lead to the accident also have been explained in this research report. The organizational factor includes the flaw in the guidelines and design practices. Besides that the organizational factors includes the management of the trade-off of productivity and safety. Moreover, it also includes the management of the staffs on board. The financial pressure applied in the production sector which leads to the negligence of inspections and maintenance operations. The consequences of the effects of the disaster of Piper Alpha are also discussed in this research report. For example, this report discusses about the effects to the investors of Piper Alpha and the effects to the environment. This research report is also used to provide systematic way of identifying, the accident sequence which includes human errors and technical failure. Finally, this research report also explains the improvement strategies in the management systems to prevent the accident from occurring. 1. Introduction Piper Alpha platform was North Sea oil production platform which was operated by Occidental Petroleum (Caledonia) Ltd. The platform started its production in the year 1976. It first operates as an oil platform and then it was develop to gas production plant. A large fixed, Piper Alpha was situated on the Piper oilfield, approximately 120 miles northeast of Aberdeen and comprised four modules separated by firewalls. For safety reasons the modules were organized so that the most dangerous operations were distant from the staff areas. The conversion from oil to gas in 1980 broke this safety concept, with the result that sensitive areas were brought together. For example, the gas compression area is next to the control room, which played a role in the blast. Piper Alpha was one of the heaviest platforms operating in the North Sea at the time of the disaster in 1988. The Disaster of Piper Alpha occurred on 6th July 1988 caused by a gas leak and pumps failure which killed 167 people including two people from the rescue vessel and lost around 3. 4 billion US dollars. There were only 61 people survived from the accident. Besides that, more than 30 people couldn’t be discovered after the accident (Steve Duff,2006). This report briefly explains about the technical and organizational factors which leads the Disaster of Piper Alpha. Besides that, it also discuss about consequences of the effect of the accident. Finally, it also discuss about the improvement and prevention step to avoid this type of accident to happen in future. 2. Management and Operation 2. 1 The management and its structure Four companies that later which have transformed into the OPCAL joint venture obtained an oil exploration license in 1972 and discovered the Piper Oilfield. The Piper Alpha was started on 1973 and its start operating on the year 1976. This oil platform and Flotta Oil platform was operated by Occidental Petroleum (Caledonia) Ltd. Occidental Petroleum Corporation (OPCAL) is California based oil and gas exploration and production company. Occidental Petroleum Corporation is the largest oil and the natural gas producer in Texas (Lord Caplan,1997). The management structure of Piper Alpha Platform Figure 1: Management Structure of Piper Alpha Platform (Lord Caplan, 1997) The figure above shows the management structure of Piper Alpha platform. According to the organization structure, the highest post was held by the managing director of the OPCAL. The person who was holding this post was Mr Brading at the time of disaster. Among all the workers working on the platform there was an ultimate responsible person who took overall control on the platform called the Offshore Installation Manager (OIM). Under the OIM, there were three departments. The first department was Maintenance of Equipment Department. The hierarchy of this department is Superintendent, Deputy Maintenance Superintendent, and Lead Maintenance Hand. The technicians below the Lead Maintenance Hand are the Maintenance Technicians and other relevant staff such as electricians. Besides that, the second department under the OIM was safety department. The hierarchy of the safety department is Safety Supervisor, Lead Safety Supervisor, followed by the OPCAL’S safety operators and the Contractor’s safety operator. The most significant department under the OIM was Production personnel apart from safety they would take over if anything went wrong on the platform. Most of them were OPCAL’s own employees. Under the OIM there was an Operations Superintendent, a Deputy Operation Superintendent, Lead Production Operators and the actual Operators. There were also many employees of the various contractors on the platform under the supervision of the permanent production staff. The objective of this Piper Alpha is to produce and process crude oil and gas (Lord Caplan,1997) 3. Industrial Processes 3. 1 Operation Functions The oil production was started in 1976 with about 250,000 barrels of oil per day. Later on, it was increased to 300,000 barrels per day. In the year 1980, a gas recovery module was installed. By 1988, the production has to into half which is 125,000 barrels per day. Then, OPCAL built the Flotta Oil Terminal in the Orkney Island receive and process oil from the fields Piper, Claymore and Tartan. A main pipeline ran from 128 miles from Piper Alpha to Flotta, with a short oil pipeline from the Claymore platform to west. The main purpose of the plant is to produce crude oil and natural gas from 24 wells to deliver oil to Flotta terminal and to other installations which is Tartan and Claymore by three different pipelines. A short pipeline was joint with the pipeline of Flotta within the range of 20 miles way from Claymore. The Tartan field also runs oil to Claymore and then runs to Flotta through the main pipeline. A gas pipeline runs from Piper Alpha to Tartan. It runs from Piper Alpha to gas compressing platform MCP-01, 30 miles away to the Northwest. Piper Alpha had four transport risers in total. They are, an export oil riser, the Claymore gas riser, the Tartan gas riser and the Flotta gas riser (Risk Analysis, vol 5, No. 4, pg 277-288). Figure 2: Illustration of Piper Alpha’s Oil and Gas Risers Subsea Pipelines (Willie Scott, 2011) The 84-foot level consisted of four modules A, B, C and D. A, B and C were the main production modules. Module D was the generation and utilities module. These modules as with other structural equipment had all been fabricated onshore. The next main level up was the 107-foot level which housed the Mud Module and Storage Module on the west, and the Gas Conservation Module (also known as the GCM or Phase 2 Module) and Utilities module on the east. The 133-foot level contained the pipe deck and the 174-foot level the helideck. The accommodation modules were at the north end of the platform and were at levels ranging from 121 feet to 174 feet (Lord Caplan,1997). 4. Causes of Accident 4. 1 Human Factors One of the human factors that contribute this disaster is lack of safety training of the staffs inside the platform. Less experienced maintenance crew, personnel, operators and production workers were allowed to run Piper Alpha at a time when high-level activity should have required special care, attention, and the ability to recognize abnormal signs in order to diagnose and fix problems immediately. Besides that, less inspection of the equipment by the maintenance technicians is also a contributing factor for this disaster (Elisabeth patte-cornell, October 1991) 4. 2 Design and Process Factors There was controversy about the disaster. The controversy about whether there was sufficient time for more effective emergency evacuation. This is because; the second explosion occurs 20 minutes after the first explosion but many people couldn’t escape from the second explosion. The main problem was that most of the personnel who had the authority to order evacuation had been killed in the first explosion which destroyed the control room. This was a consequence of the platform design, which includes the absence of the blast walls (Kletz, T. ,2001). Another contributing factor, the nearby platform continues pumping oil and gas to Piper Alpha until its pipeline damaged in the heat in the second explosion. Even though after the first blast, the nearby platforms continue pumping oil and gas to Piper Alpha. Besides that, on the morning of the day of the incident, some backup propane condensate pumps in the processing area need to have its pressure safety valve check. But the work could not be complete by 6pm and the work was postponed to the next day. The tube was sealed with a plate. Later in the evening during the next shift, the primary condensate pump failed. The gas products escaped from the valve. Finally, the gas audibly leaked out at high pressure, ignited and exploded, blowing through the fire walls. Moreover, the automatic deluge system was designed to spray water to put out the fire was never activated because it had been turned off. In addition, the accommodations were also not smoke-proved. This contributes to the death of personnel inside the accommodation area. Moreover, the poor design of the emergency equipment also contributes to this disaster. When the first blast occurs, the general alarm system and the emergency lighting failed to work. The design of the platform is also a factor of this disaster. Initially, the platform was not designed for severe loads (Mannan, S,2001). . 3 External Factors The external factor of the Disaster of Piper Alpha is the organization factor. One the reason is because the management of OPCAL didn’t supervise the recruitment of the worker on board. Hence, some workers on board have less experience and knowledge in crude oil production. Besides that, the management didn’t provide safety training for most of the workers in the pl atform. Moreover, the death of the OIM is also a factor of the death of the personnel on board. This is because; the OIM is the person who gives order to evacuate when emergency. Therefore, most of the personnel could not make decision to evacuate when the incident happens (Lord Caplen,1997). 5. Consequences of the effects of the accident 5. 1 Health After the incident of Piper Alpha took place, a researcher has conducted a study into the long-term psychological and social effects of the Piper Alpha disaster. Finally, he manage to find thirty-six survivors who agreed to give interviews. Almost all of them reported psychological problem. More than 70% of those interviewed have psychological and behavioral symptoms of post traumatic stress disorder. The family members of the dead and survived victims also were reported to have psychological and social problems (Hull AM, Alexander DA, and Klein S. ,2001). 5. 2 Environmental and ecology Some documents showed that highly-toxic chemical that fell into the North Sea after the explosion destroyed the oil platform by killing 167 men would not have burned up as had been claimed by OPCAL. In addition, 5. 5 tonnes of the cooling fluid, polychlorinated bithenyl (PCB) which contain in equipment called the transformers was also destroyed during the fire. This would contribute a massive to the marine life. For example, the death of marine species. Besides that, the fish caught near the platform found to be chemical contaminated. Moreover, the release of Carbon monoxide (CO) and Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) to the air also results acid rain at some area nearby the platform (Nicola Reeves, 1991). 5. 3 Damage cost and Compensation cost The damage cost of the disaster of Piper Alpha is calculated to be around three billion US Dollars. Besides that, this disaster results in an overall reduction in insurance capacity in London. Besides that, the compensation cost of the disaster cost was around 1. billion US Dollars (Nicola Reeves, 1991). 6. Improvement and Prevention 6. 1 Design and Process As an improvement steps for a platform to avoid from disaster like Piper Alpha, a regulatory control of offshore should be implemented. An offshore installation (Safety Case) regulation is a written document where a company must demonstrate that an effective safety management system (SMS) is in place on the par ticular offshore installation. Then, the implementation of this handed over to the HSE in 1991. As a recovery of this incident, regulatory control of offshore installation has been introduced in the year 1991. Besides that, the need of safety training for the staff is given more importance. Moreover proper isolation plant is formed when a platform undergoes maintenance process. The disaster would not have occurred if the pump where work was being done had been positively isolated. Isolation is not achieved by shutting a valve but it requires the insertion of a slip plate or removal of a pipe section. Disabling of protective equipment by explosion would be one of the prevention steps from this disaster to happen. The firewalls on the Piper Alpha could have stopped the spread of fire. However, they were not built to withstand an explosion. The initial blast blew the firewalls down, and the subsequent fire spread could not be stopped (Kletz T. 2001). Besides that, the inventory should be limited on installation and in pipelines. The large inventory of the pipelines connected to the platform fed the fire. Other than technical problems, it should be a design objective to reduce the amount of hydrocarbon. In addition, emergency shutdown valves should be located in platform to prevent this type of disaster. Proper location of emergency shutdown valves and backup valves are essential to cutting off fuel supply in case of fire. Above water positioning provides testing accessibility for vigilant maintenance. Moreover, the use of wind tunnel test and explosion simulations in design could prevent the spread of fire. Wind tunnels are useful to assess the effectiveness of the ventilation and the gas detection system. The explosion simulations help to investigate effect of different layouts an explosion ans assess the effectiveness of blast walls (Kletz T,2001). 6. 2 Human resource Proper training should be given to staff in the platform by the management. For example, fire and explosion protection training should be given to employees. This is because, fire fighting are particular importance as there is no possibility to rely on outside assistance, such as the fire brigade. Besides that, proper recruitment process should be carried out to prevent this type of disaster. For example, highly experience maintenance staff could have sealed the pipeline in a proper way. Thus, the incident would not have occurred. 6. 3 Safety and Health For safety,, more than one route to helicopters and life boats must be present at any given time to ensure evacuation of the platform in crisis situation. Besides that, luminescent strips and heat shielding provide visibility in smoke and protection from flames. In addition, secondary escapes such as ropes, ladders and nets also should be provided as backup for the more sophisticated escape method (Mannan S. 2005). Conclusion Many of the events that led to the Piper Alpha accident were rooted in the culture, the structure, and the procedures of OPCAL. Safety management systems and associated safety cases can make a big difference. The systematic approach means that the hazards of the business are known, understood and demonstrably controlled. http://www. aiche. org/uploadedfiles/CCPS/resources/knowledgebase/Piper_Alpha. pdf http://www.caa.lv/ http://www. hse. gov. uk/research//rrpdf/rr089. pdf http://www.heraldscotland.com/

What About Polonius Essay Example For Students

What About Polonius Essay What About Polonius?One of the main characters in the play Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare, is Polonius. Polonius is the father of Laertes and Ophelia and is also the right hand man to the king, Claudius. He is a man who is nosy and is constantly babbling about something, yet is a loving father and a loyal servant to the state. Or is he? What exactly is the nature of Polonius? How important was he to Shakespeares epic play? Did he really have to die? What about Polonius?The audience is first introduced to Polonius when his son, Laertes, decides that he wants to return to Paris to finish college. At first glance, through a long-winded speech, Polonius acts as a caring father should. He gives his son advice, such as, Give every man thine ear, but few thy voice; or Take each mans censure, but reserve thy judgment. and to thy own self be true. Later though, he talks about clothing and outward appearances. In fact he goes off on this subject warning Laertes to not look gaudy and ri ch. He seems more concerned about how Laertes appears to be then who he actually is. Polonius gives a double standard for the boy to follow. In that same act, after Laertes leaves, Polonius has another conversation with his other child, his ill-fated daughter, Ophelia. Ophelia tells her father everything (we assume) about her relationship with Hamlet. Polonius tears right into the poor girl with comments such as, You speak like a green girl, or Think yourself a baby That you have taen these tenders for true pay, making him appear like a rotten old man. Why would Polonius not want Ophelia to get involved with a prince? Many people have debated why Polonius ends up forbidding Ophelia from seeing Hamlet. Some say that Hamlet was too high ranking for Ophelia and that their marriage would have seemed unlikely in Poloniuss eyes. Others say that maybe Polonius just did not like Hamlet and did not want his daughter getting involved with him. Yet others believe that Polonius thought that Hamlet would just use Ophelia, and he did not want to see her get hurt. Polonius did not want Ophelia to be involved with Hamlet, or any other ma n for that matter, because he was afraid that he would lose control over one of his most precious toys, his daughter. If Ophelia became involved with someone, then all the control that Polonius had over her would be lost. She would belong to someone new, and his toy would no longer be his to play with as he pleased. Polonius had to know everything that was going on, in his childrens lives and in the state too. Possibly he felt a pang of jealousy thinking that maybe his daughter would become queen if she married Hamlet and would end up in a more prestigious position then he. Just to prove the idea that Polonius needs to be in charge of his domain (his children included) all one needs to do is to look at the beginning of Act II. Polonius asks Renaldo, a close friend of his son, to go and check up on Laertes. Polonius wants to know how Laertes is acting, if he is gambling, drinking, drabbing, and so forth. It could be argued that he is just looking out for the welfare of his only son, but looking at Poloniuss personality, that is highly unlikely. Polonius is a politician. It is generally known that politicians have two faces. They have their real face, and the face that they show to the public. Claudius is an excellent example of a politician. No one in Denmark had any clue that he was the murderer of the previous king. He kept it hidden very well. Claudius has two faces, and so does Polonius. Polonius does not want his statesman face to be blemished by words that his son is acting carelessly. To protect his public image, he sends Renaldo to spy on Laertes . To sum it up, Polonius has to be in control of his children to protect himself. That is why he gave that double standard to Laertes in Act I. He wanted to be portrayed as a loving father concerned about his son, but at the same time throwing in advice that would keep his image from being damaged as well. In Ophelias case, he had become so used to being in control, that the idea of losing his power frightened him. He had to do something to regain his composure. He had to get Hamlet out of the picture. .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 , .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .postImageUrl , .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 , .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:hover , .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:visited , .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:active { border:0!important; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:active , .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8 .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufc85b2a6d690077221a1e0e435cf5ad8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Space Exploration EssayPolonius is the kings accomplice. His loyalty to the state is so overwhelming that it comes before his children. By setting up Ophelia in Act III to try to find out the cause for Hamlets madness, Polonius disregards his daughters feelings. Does he not think that she still has feelings for Hamlet? No, he does not think at all. He is doing what he can to please the king, to gain the kings favor. Again, Polonius, by being a politician, has tasted the sweet rewards of power, and is no doubt hoping that he can taste more. His line to more power is through the king, not his family. His children are, as stated above, just toys that he can use, and use them he does. Ophelia dares not to speak against her father, for children were to respect their elders and women were to follow the directions of men. She was doomed. Laertes was better off because he was in Paris and he was a young man, but he, too, was at his fathers mercy. Ophelia and Laertes both have a tragic flaw: they love their father. The play never mentions their mother, so it can be assumed that she is out of their lives for whatever reason. Their father takes care of them, and in his own way does love them. It might not be the kind of love that is common between a father to his children, usually most parents do not use their children for their own benefit, but it is, none-the-less, love. Polonius has a crafty mind, constantly coming up with ways to find the answers, mostly by the technique of spying. His little mind plots schemes that will tell the truth about Hamlet is he mad, or is he not. He schemes do not always work and he ends up dead because of his sneakiness. His dea th was necessary. He was part of the rottenness in Denmark. If the play ends with a clean slate, then Polonius has to die. He is not clean. If he were to survive the state would remain rotten, and the death of everyone else would have been in vain. In fact, that is the reason he died first. He is second only to Claudius in how corrupt he is. His death foreshadows the death of others who have been tainted and is the cause of the death of his children. He had tainted both his children, and since the state had to be cleaned, their death was essential. Ophelia became tainted after Polonius led her into the mess with Hamlet. She dies because she goes crazy after her lover killed her father. Laertess taintedness and his death are both due to the fact that Polonius was murdered. He tainted Laertes by spying on Hamlet and Gertrude which led to his death which caused Laertes to conspire with the king to kill Hamlet. Laertes dies trying to avenge his fathers death. Polonius is not as simple m inded as he seems. There is a whole lot more going on in the head of the bumbling fool then appears to be. He is a control and power hungry man who uses his children to enhance his image and to push his way through the political ladder of Denmark. He is the one to blame for the death of himself and of his family. He is just a rotten politicain (Arent they all?). Shakespeare Essays